Synergistic arthropodicidal compositions containing α-substituted-3,4-methylenedioxyph-enylacetonitriles

ABSTRACT

Synergistic arthropodicidal compositions comprising a carbamate, carboxylic acid ester or phosphate ester and an α-substituted-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile of the formula ##STR1## in which R represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halogen or nitro, 
     R 1  represents alkyl or hydrogen, and 
     R 2  represents aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl or may represent hydrogen, provided that R represents alkyl, alkenyl or nitro, or 
     R 1  and R 2  together represent an alkylene radical.

The present invention relates to new arthropodicidal, especially insecticidal and acaricidal, synergistic combinations of certain benzodioxoles (some of which are known), and certain other, known, pesticidal active compounds.

It has already been disclosed that benzodioxole derivatives, for example α,α-dimethyl-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acetonitrile and α,α-ethylene-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acetonitrile, may be used as intermediates for the preparation of pharmaceuticals (see German Offenlegungsschrift (German Published Specification) 2,215,496 and J. of Org. Chem. 1972, pages 977-982).

The following insecticidal active compounds or groups of active compounds have also been disclosed:

(A) carbamates, such as, for example, 2-isopropoxy-phenyl N-methyl-carbamate, 3,4,5-trimethyl-phenyl N-methyl-carbamate, 1-naphthyl N-methyl-carbamate, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl N-methyl-carbamate, 2-[1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-phenyl] N-methyl-carbamate and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl N-methyl-carbamate,

(B) carboxylic acid esters, such as, for example, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrophthalimido-methyl chrysanthemate and (5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-cyclopropane-carboxylate, and

(C) phosphoric acid esters, such as, for example, O,O-dimethyl-O-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-phosphoric acid esters.

Furthermore, synergistic mixtures of carbamates, for example 2-isopropoxy-phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, or of phosphoric acid esters, for example O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-4-methylpyridine-dimethyl-[6]-phosphorothioate, or of natural or synthetic pyrethroids with piperonyl ethers, such as, for example, α-[2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyl-toluene, are known (see Bull. Org. Health Org. 1966, 35, pages 691-708, Schrader, G.: Die Entwicklung neuer insektizider Phosphorsaureester (The Development of new Insecticidal Phosphoric Acid Esters), 1963, page 158; Perkov, W.: Die Insektizide (The Insecticides), 1966, pages 516-524). However, the activity of these synergistic active-compound combinations is not satisfactory. Hitherto, only α-[2-(2-butoxy-ethoxy)-ethoxy]-4,5-methylenedioxy-2-propyl-toluene has essentially achieved a certain practical importance.

The present invention now provides an arthropodicidal composition containing as active ingredients (i) a benzodioxole derivative of the general formula ##STR2## in which R represents hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, halogen or nitro,

R¹ represents alkyl or hydrogen, and

R² represents aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl or may represent hydrogen, provided that R represents alkyl, alkenyl or nitro, or

R¹ and R² together represent an alkylene radical, and (ii) at least one compound selected from (A) carbamates, (B) carboxylic acid esters (including the natural and synthetic pyrethroids) and (C) phosphoric acid esters, alone or in admixture with a solid or liquid or liquefied gaseous diluent or carrier.

Surprisingly, the insecticidal and/or acaricidal action of the active-compound combinations according to the invention is substantially higher than the action of the individual components or the sum of the actions of the individual components. Furthermore, it is substantially higher than the action of the active-compound combination, which is already known, of 2-isopropoxy-phenyl N-methylcarbamate and piperonyl butoxide. In addition, the benzodioxole derivatives exhibit excellent synergistic activity not only with one class of active compounds but with active compounds from the most diverse chemical groups of substances. Thus the synergistic mixtures, according to the invention, containing benzodioxole derivatives represent a valuable enrichment of the art.

The formula (I) provides a general definition of the benzodioxole derivatives to be used in the compositions according to the invention. Preferably, however, in the formula (I),

R represents hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro or straight-chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 6 (especially 1 to 4) carbon atoms, or straight-chain or branched alkenyl with 2 to 6 carbon atoms (especially propenyl, allyl or isopropenyl),

R¹ represents hydrogen or straight-chain or branched alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms (especially methyl),

R² represents straight-chain or branched alkyl or alkenyl with up to 6 (especially with up to 4) carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 3 to 8 (especially 4 to 6) carbon atoms or benzyl or may represent hydrogen, provided that R represents nitro, alkyl or alkenyl, or R¹ and R² together represent an alkylene radical with 2 to 8 (especially 2 to 5) carbon atoms.

Examples which may be mentioned of the benzodioxole derivatives of the formula (I) are: α-methyl-, α-ethyl-, α-n-propyl-, α-iso-propyl-, α-n-butyl-, α-iso-butyl-, α-sec.-butyl-, α-tert.-butyl-, α-allyl-, α-benzyl-, α,α-dimethyl-, α-methyl-α-ethyl-, α-methyl-α-n-propyl-, α-methyl-α-iso-propyl-, α,α-ethylene-, α,α-trimethylene-, α,α-tetramethylene, α-cyclopropyl- and α-cyclohexyl-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acetonitrile; the derivatives substituted, in each case, in the 6-position by chlorine, bromine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, tert.-butyl, allyl, propenyl, iso-propenyl or nitro; and 6-nitro-, 6-methyl-, 6-ethyl-, 6-n-propyl-, 6-iso-propyl-, 6-tert.-butyl-, 6-allyl-, 6-propenyl- or 6-isopropenyl-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acetonitrile.

Some of these compounds are new, but they can be prepared in accordance with processes which are known from the literature [see, for example, German Offenlegungsschrift (German Published Specification) 2,215,496 and 2,335,347, British Patent Specification 1,109,527, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 64 (1942), pages 2,486-2,487 and J. Org. Chem., 1972, pages 977-982].

The new compounds can be prepared, in the case where R is hydrogen, halogen or nitro, by reducing 3,4-methylenedioxy-benzaldehyde to piperonyl alcohol, converting this into the corresponding halide and reacting the halide with a cyanide to give 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile [see von Braun and Wirz, Ber. dt. Chem. Ges. 60, 110 (1927)]. This compound can then be alkylated to give the compounds of the formula (V) indicated below, in accordance with the customary processes which are known from the literature [see Dehmlow, New Synthetic Methods, Vol. 1, 19 (1975); Makosza et al., Chimie et Industrie (Paris) 93, 537 (1965); Makosza, Pure Appl. Chem., 43, 439 (1975) and Makosza and Jonczyk, Org. Syn., 55, 91 (1976)]. The compounds of the formula (V) can then be halogenated, for example with sulphuryl chloride or bromine or nitrated, for example with a mixture of concentrated sulphuric acid and nitric acid.

The following equation illustrates the course of the reaction: ##STR3##

It is also possible to halogenate 3,4-methylenedioxybenzaldehyde [see Dallacker, Liebigs Ann. Chem. 633, 14 (1960) and Weisse, Ber. dt. Chem. Ges. 43, 2605 (1910)] and then to proceed in the manner described. This method of sequence, however leads to poor yields.

The synthesis proceeds via the following stages when R stands for

(a) n-propyl: safrol→dihydrosafrol→6-chloromethyldihydrosafrol→6-cyanomethyldihydrosafrol→desired compound,

(b) allyl: safrol→6-chloromethylsafrol→6-cyanomethylsafrol→desired α-alkylacetonitriles,

(c) propenyl: isosafrol→6-chloromethylisosafrol→6-cyanomethylsafrol.fwdarw.desired compound (the subsequent isomerization of the alkyl compound indicated under (b) is more advantageous) and

(d) tert.-butyl: 4-tert.-butylpyrocatechol→3,4-methylenedioxy-tert.-butylbenzene.fwdarw.6-chloromethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-tert.-butylbenzene→6-cyanomethyl-3,4-methylenedioxy-tert.-butylbenzene→desired compound.

The toluenes and ethylbenzenes according to the invention can be prepared analogously from 4-methyl- or 4-ethyl-pyrocatechol respectively (compare with the 6-chloromethyl compounds in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,485,600 and 2,485,680).

The individual stages of the synthesis paths given are known or are carried out in accordance with procedures which are in themselves known. For example, the 6-chloromethyl compounds serving, in each case, as intermediates can be prepared in accordance with the processes indicated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,485,600 and 2,485,680.

Preferred carbamates (A) are those of the general formula ##STR4## in which R³ represents aryl, a heterocyclic radical or an oxime radical,

R⁴ represents hydrogen or alkyl with 1-4 C atoms and

R⁵ represents alkyl or alkylcarbonyl with 1 to 6 C atoms in the alkyl radical [which can be optionally substituted by hydroxyl or methylthio] or the radical --S--Y,

wherein

Y represents an aliphatic radical with 1-4 C atoms [which is optionally substituted by halogen (especially CCl₃ and CF₃)], or an aryl radical (especially phenyl) [which is optionally (indeed preferably) substituted by CN, halogen (especially chlorine), methyl, trihalogenomethyl, trifluoromethylmercapto or NO₂ ], or methoxycarbonyl or ##STR5## wherein W represents alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkylamino or dialkylamino or an aryl radical [which is optionally (indeed preferably) substituted by halogen, trihalogenomethyl, CN, methyl or nitro].

Particularly preferred carbamates (II) are those in which

R³ represents phenyl or naphthyl [either of which is optionally substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkylmercapto with up to 5 C atoms in each case, dialkylamino or dialkenylamino with up to 3 C atoms per alkyl or alkenyl part, halogen (especially chlorine), dioxolanyl or the radical --N═CH--N-- (C₁₋₄ -alkyl)₂ ].

Other particularly preferred carbamates (II) are those in which

R³ represents 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzodioxole, benzothienyl, pyrimidinyl or pyrazolyl [each of which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl (especially methyl) or dialkylamino with 1-4 C atoms per alkyl part].

Yet further particularly preferred carbamates (II) are those in which

R³ represents an oxime radical of the general formula ##STR6## in which R⁶ and R⁷, which may be identical or different, each represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylmercapto, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonylamide or alkylmercaptoalkyl with up to 5 C atoms in each case, CN, aryl (especially phenyl), an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical or alkyl which is substituted by a heterocyclic radical, or

R⁶ and R⁷ together form a dioxolanyl or dithiolanyl radical which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl.

Preferred carboxylic acid esters (B) are those of the general formula ##STR7## in which R⁸ represents alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, each of which can be optionally substituted,

R⁹ represents hydrogen, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or CN, and

R¹⁰ represents aryl or a heterocyclic radical, or

R⁹ and R¹⁰ together form an optionally substituted cyclopentenone ring.

Particularly preferred carboxylic acid esters (III) are those in which

R⁸ represents alkyl with 1-6 C atoms [which is optionally substituted by optionally halogen-substituted phenyl], cyclopropyl [which is optionally substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkenyl with up to 6 C atoms in each case] or phenyl which is optionally substituted by halogen, and/or

R⁹ represents hydrogen, alkyl with 1-6 C atoms, halogenoalkyl with 1-4 C atoms and up to 3 halogen atoms, CN or ethynyl, and/or

R¹⁰ represents phenyl [which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl, halogen (especially fluorine or chlorine), optionally halogen- or methyl-substituted phenoxy or optionally substituted benzyl], furanyl, tetrahydrophthalimido or benzodioxole [any of which is optionally substituted by halogen (especially chlorine), alkyl or alkenyl with up to 4 C atoms or benzyl] or R⁹ and R¹⁰ together are cyclopentenone [which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl, furfuryl or C₂₋₅ -alkenyl].

In addition, naturally occurring pyrethroids are particularly preferred.

Preferred phosphoric acid esters (C) are those of the general formula ##STR8## in which each X, independently of one another, represents O or S,

Y represents O, S, --NH-- or a direct bond between the central P atom and the radical R¹³,

R¹¹ and R¹², which may be identical or different, each represent alkyl or aryl and

R¹³ represents alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aralkyl, alkenyl, dioxanyl or an oxime radical, or represents a radical identical to that to which it is bonded.

Particularly preferred phosphoric acid esters (IV) are those in which

R¹¹ and R¹², which may be identical or different, each represent C₁₋₄ -alkyl or phenyl, and

R¹³ represents alkyl with 1-4 C atoms [which is optionally substituted by halogen, OH, CN, optionally halogen-substituted phenyl, carbonylamide, sulphonylalkyl, sulphoxyalkyl, carbonylalkyl, alkoxy, alkylmercapto or alkoxycarbonyl], alkenyl with up to 4 C atoms [which is optionally substituted by halogen, optionally halogen-substituted phenyl or alkoxycarbonyl] or an oxime radical of the general formula ##STR9## wherein R⁶ and R⁷ have the meanings stated above (especially cyano or phenyl), or

R¹³ represents dioxanyl which is substituted by a radical identical to that to which R¹³ is bonded, or R¹³ represents a radical identical to that to which it is bonded, or

R¹³ represents phenyl [which is optionally substituted by methyl, nitro, CN, halogen or methylmercapto], or R¹³ represents hetero-aromatic structures (such as pyridine, quinoline, quinoxaline, pyrimidine, diazinone or benzo-1,2,4-triazine) optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl or halogen.

Unless otherwise expressed, the radicals alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy and alkenoxy as employed herein have up to 6 carbon atoms, preferably up to 4. "Lower" employed in conjunction therewith, e.g. lower alkoxy radicals, has reference to up to 4 carbon atoms, preferably up to 3. The cycloalkyl radicals have from 3 to 7, preferably 3 to 6 and expecially 5 or 6 ring carbon atoms. Aryl is preferably naphthyl or, especially, phenyl.

The carbamates (group A) of the formula (II) which may be used as components of the mixture include: 2-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 2-n-propylphenyl, 2-methoxyphenyl, 2-ethoxyphenyl, 2-iso-propoxyphenyl, 4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-n-propylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl, 4-n-propoxyphenyl, 3,4,5-trimethylphenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl, 2-[1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-phenyl] and 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-benzodioxol-4-yl N-methylcarbamate and the corresponding N-methyl-N-acetyl-, N-methyl-N-trifluoromethylthio-, N-methyl-N-dichloromonofluoromethylthio- and N-methyl-N-dimethylaminothio-carbamate.

These compounds, their preparation and their use are known (see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,009,855; 2,903,478 and 3,111,539).

The carboxylic acid esters (group B) of the formula (III) which may be used as components of the mixture include: acetic acid 1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl chrysanthemate and (5-benzyl-3-furyl)-methyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate.

The compounds listed are known and in many cases are generally known commercial products [see R. Wegler "Chemie der Pflanzenschutz- und Schadlingsbekampfungsmittel" ("Chemistry of Plant Protection Agents and Agents for Combating Pests"), Volume 1, pages 87-118, Heidelberg (1970)].

The phosphoric acid esters of the formula (IV) which may be used as components of the mixture include: O,O-dimethyl- and O,O-diethyl-O-(2,2-dichloro- or 2,2-dibromo-vinyl)-phosphoric acid esters.

The compounds of the formula (IV) are known and are easily producible by processes which are known from the literature (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 2,956,073, German Auslegeschrift (German Published Specification) 1,167,324 and Belgian Patent Specification 633,478).

The weight ratios of the groups of active compounds can vary within relatively wide limits. In general, the benzodioxole derivative component (i) is employed with the remaining active compound(s) (ii) in a weight ratio of about 0.1:10 to 10:0.1. However, a weight ratio of about 0.5:1.0 to 3.0:1.0 has proved particularly suitable.

The active compound combinations according to the invention not only produce a rapid knock-down action but also bring about the lasting destruction of all or some stages of development of animal pests, especially insects. The pests include those which occur in agriculture, forestry, the protection of stored products and the protection of materials, as well as in the hygiene field. They include:

from the class of the Isopoda, for example Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium vulgare and Procellio scaber;

from the class of the Diplopoda, for example Blaniulus guttulatus;

from the class of the Chilopoda, for example Geophilus carpophagus and Scutigera spec.;

from the class of the Symphyla, for example Scutigerella immaculata;

from the order of the Thysanura, for example Lepisma saccharina;

from the order of the Collembola, for example Onychiurus armatus;

from the order of the Orthoptera, for example Blatta orientalis, Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica, Acheta domesticus, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus differentialis and Schistocerca gregaria;

from the order of the Dermaptera, for example Forficula auricularia;

from the order of the Isoptera, for example Reticulitermes spp.;

from the order of the Anoplura, for example Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus spp., Pediculus humanus corporis, Haematopinus spp. and Linognathus spp.;

from the order of the Mallophaga, for example Trichodectes spp. and Damalinea spp.;

from the order of the Thysanoptera, for example Hercinothrips femoralis and Thrips tabaci;

from the order of the Heteroptera, for example Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma spp.;

from the order of the Homoptera, for example Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Doralis fabae, Doralis pomi, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli, Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus hederae, Pseudococcus spp. and Psylla spp.;

from the order of the Lepidoptera, for example Pectinophora gossypiella, Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella, Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella maculipennis, Malacosoma neustria, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp., Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Laphygma exigua, Mamestra brassicae, Panolis flammea, Prodenia litura, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella, Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella, Galleria mellonella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima and Tortrix viridana;

from the order of the Coleoptera, for example Anobium punctatum, Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Hylotrupes, bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus supp., Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus holoeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor, Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon solstitialis and Costelytra zealandica;

from the order of the Hymenoptera, for example Diprion spp., Hoplocampa spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis and Vespa spp.;

from the order of the Diptera, for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp., Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus, Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis capitata, Dacus oleae and Tipula paludosa;

from the order of the Siphonaptera, for example Xenopsylla cheopis and Ceratophyllus spp.;

from the class of the Arachnida, for example Scorpio maurus and Latrodectus mactans;

from the order of the Acarina, for example Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp., Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp. and Tetranychus spp..

When used against hygiene pests and pests of stored products, the new compositions are distinguished by an excellent residual activity on wood and clay as well as a good stability to alkali on limed substrates.

The new compositions according to the instant invention can be utilized, if desired, in the form of the usual formulations or compositions with conventional inert (i.e. plant compatible or herbicidally inert) pesticide diluents or extenders, i.e. diluents, carriers or extenders of the type usable in conventional pesticide formulations or compositions, e.g. conventional pesticide dispersible carrier vehicles such as gases, solutions, emulsions, wettable powders, suspensions, powders, dusting agents, foams, pastes, soluble powders, granules, aerosols, suspension-emulsion concentrates, seed-treatment powders, natural and synthetic materials impregnated with active compound, very fine capsules in polymeric substances and in coating compositions, for use on seed, and formulations used with burning equipment, such as fumigating cartridges, fumigating cans, fumigating coils and the like, as well as ULV cold mist and warm mist formulations.

These are prepared in known manner, for instance by extending the active compounds with conventional pesticide dispersible liquid diluent carriers and/or dispersible solid carriers optionally with the use of carrier vehicle assistants, e.g. conventional pesticide surface-active agents, including emulsifying agents and/or dispersing agents, whereby, for example, in the case where water is used as diluent, organic solvents may be added as auxiliary solvents. The following may be chiefly considered for use as conventional carrier vehicles for this purpose: aerosol propellants which are gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, such as halogenated hydrocarbons, e.g. dichlorodifluoromethane and trichloromethane, as well as butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide; inert dispersible liquid diluent carriers, including inert organic solvents, such as aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. benzene, toluene, xylene, alkyl naphthalenes, etc.), halogenated, especially chlorinated, aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. chlorobenzenes, etc.), cycloalkanes, (e.g. cyclohexane, etc.), paraffins (e.g. petroleum or mineral oil fractions), chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (e.g. methylene chloride, chloroethylenes, etc.), alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, glycol, etc.) as well as ethers and esters thereof (e.g. glycol monomethyl ether, etc.), amines (e.g. ethanolamine, etc.), amides (e.g. dimethyl formamide, etc.), sulfoxides (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide, etc.), acetonitrile, ketones (ethyl acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.), and/or water; as solid carriers, ground natural minerals, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals, such as highly-dispersed silicic acid, alumina and silicates; as solid carriers for granules; crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, as well as synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; whereas the following may be chiefly considered for use as conventional carrier vehicle assistants, e.g. surface-active agents, for this purpose: emulsifying agents, such as non-ionic and/or anionic emulsifying agents (e.g. polyethylene oxide esters of fatty acids, polyethylene oxide ethers of fatty alcohols, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, albumin hydrolyzates, etc., and especially alkyl arylpolyglycol ethers, magnesium stearate, sodium oleate, etc.); and/or dispersing agents, such as lignin, sulfite waste liquors, methyl cellulose, etc.

Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose and natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, can be used in the formulations.

It is possible to use colorants such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue, and organic dyestuffs, such as alizarin dyestuffs, azo dyestuffs and metal phthalocyanine dyestuffs, and trace nutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

The new compositions may be employed alone or in the form of mixtures with one another and/or with such solid and/or liquid dispersible carrier vehicles and/or with other known compatible active agents, especially plant protection agents, such as other arthropodicides or nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, rodenticides, herbicides, fertilizers, growth-regulating agents, etc., if desired, or in the form of particular dosage preparations for specific application made therefrom, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, pastes, and granules which are thus ready for use.

As concerns commercially marketed preparations, these generally contemplate carrier composition mixtures in which the new composition is present in an amount substantially between about 0.1-95% by weight, and preferably 0.5-90% by weight, of the mixture, whereas carrier composition mixtures suitable for direct application or field application generally contemplate those in which the new composition is present in an amount substantially between about 0.0000001-100, preferably 0.01-10%, by weight of the mixture. Thus, the present invention contemplates overall compositions which comprise mixtures of a conventional dispersible carrier such as (1) a dispersible inert finely divided carrier solid, and/or (2) a dispersible carrier liquid such as an inert organic solvent and/or water, preferably including a surface-active effective amount of a carrier vehicle assistant, e.g. a surface-active agent, such as an emulsifying agent and/or a dispersing agent, and an amount of the new composition which is effective for the purpose in question and which is generally between about 0.0001-95%, and preferably 0.01-95%, by weight of the mixture.

The new compositions can also be used in accordance with the well-known ultra-low-volume process with good success, i.e. by applying such compounds if normally a liquid, or by applying a liquid composition containing the same, via very effective atomizing equipment, in finely divided form, e.g. average particle diameter of from 50-100 microns, or even less, i.e. mist form, for example by airplane crop spraying techniques. Only up to at most about a few liters/hectare are needed, and often amounts only up to about 15 to 1000 g/hectare, preferably 40 to 600 g/hectare, are sufficient. In this process it is possible to use highly concentrated liquid compositions with said liquid carrier vehicles containing from about 20 to about 95% by weight of the active compounds or even the 100% active substance alone, e.g. about 20-100% by weight of the active compounds.

Furthermore, the present invention contemplates methods of selectively killing, combating or controlling pests, e.g. arthropods, which comprises applying to at least one of correspondingly (a) such arthropods, and (b) the corresponding habitat thereof, i.e. the locus to be protected, e.g. to a growing crop, to an area where a crop is to be grown or to a domestic animal, a correspondingly combative or toxic amount, i.e. an arthropodicidally effective amount, of the particular active compounds of the invention alone or together with a carrier vehicle as noted above. The instant formulations or compositions are applied in the usual manner, for instance by spraying, atomizing, vaporizing, scattering, dusting, watering, squirting, sprinkling, pouring, fumigating, dry dressing moist dressing, wet dressing, slurry dressing, encrusting, and the like.

It will be realized, of course, that the concentration of the particular active compound utilized in admixture with the carrier vehicle will depend upon the intended application. Therefore, in special cases it is possible to go above or below the aforementioned concentration ranges.

The preparation of the benzodioxoles of the present invention is illustrated, without limitation, by the following examples:

PREPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

Alkylation of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile: 1(a) 1.0 mole of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile or 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-α-alkylacetonitrile was added dropwise to a suspension of 1.1 moles of potassium tert.-butylate in 1,500 ml of toluene at 25°-30° C., while cooling slightly. The mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at 40°-50° C. and 1.1 moles of an alkyl halide were then added dropwise at 50° C., while cooling. The mixture was stirred for 3 hours under reflux and cooled, water was added, the organic phase was washed until neutral and dried over sodium sulphate. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was distilled in vacuo.

                                      Table 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR10##                                                                                                  Yield                                             Compound                                                                             Starting               (% of                                                                              Boiling point                                 No.   halide    R.sup.1                                                                           R.sup.2   theory)                                                                            °C./mm Hg                              __________________________________________________________________________      (1)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  66  138/3                                          (2)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5Br                                                                        H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          76  147-149/4                                      (3)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7Br                                                                      H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        75  156/3                                          (4)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7Br                                                                    H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      78  133/2-3                                        (5)  CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2 Br                                                                    H  CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       76  146/3                                          (6)                                                                                  ##STR11##                                                                               H                                                                                  ##STR12##                                                                               73  206/3                                          (7)                                                                                  ##STR13##                                                                               H                                                                                  ##STR14##                                                                               46  134/1-2                                        (8)  2 CH.sub.3 I                                                                             CH.sub.3                                                                          CH.sub.3  85  134/4                                          (9)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5Br + CH.sub.3 I                                                           CH.sub.3                                                                          C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          70  138/3                                         __________________________________________________________________________      ##STR15##                                                                                                            Yield                                   Compound                                                                             Starting                         (% of                                                                              Boiling point                       No.   halide    R.sup.1                                                                           R.sup.2   R.sup.3   theory)                                                                            °C./mm                       __________________________________________________________________________                                                Hg                                  (10)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        71  125/0.01                            (11)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Br                                                                       H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        65  132/0.01                            (12)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                     H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        68  168/3                               (13)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                   H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        50  162/3                               (14)  CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2 Br                                                                    H  CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        74  160/3                               (15)  --        H  H         tert.-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                    68  138/0.01                            (16)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  tert.-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                    46  104                                 (17)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Br                                                                       H  C.sub. 2 H.sub.5                                                                         tert.-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                    52   94                                 (18)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                     H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        tert.-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                    49  106                                 (19)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                   H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      tert.-C.sub.4 H.sub.9                                                                    49  132/0.01                            (20)  --        H  H         CH.sub.3  62  145/3                               (21)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  CH.sub.3  74  143/3                               (22)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Br                                                                       H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          CH.sub.3  79  138/1                               (23)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                     H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        CH.sub.3  69  150/2                               (24)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                   H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      CH.sub.3  71  143/2                               (25)  --        H  H         CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       61  110-112/0.1                         (26)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       63  125/0.1                             (27)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Br                                                                       H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       76  124/0.2                             (28)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                     H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       51  124/0.15                            (29)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                   H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                       33  120/0.2                                                                        Boiling point                                                              Yield                                                                              °C./mm Hg.                   Compound                                                                             Starting                         (% of                                                                              melting                             No.   halide    R.sup.1                                                                           R.sup.2   R.sup.3   theory)                                                                            point °C.                    __________________________________________________________________________     (30)  --        H  H         CHCHCH.sub.3                                                                             73  134/0.1                                                                         89                                 (31)  CH.sub.3 I                                                                               H  CH.sub.3  CHCHCH.sub.3                                                                             69  125/0.1                             (32)  C.sub.2 H.sub.5 Br                                                                       H  C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                          CHCHCH.sub.3                                                                             64  141/0.7                             (33)  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                     H  n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        CHCHCH.sub.3                                                                             66  149/0.7                             (34)  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7 Br                                                                   H  iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                      CHCHCH.sub.3                                                                             67  129/0.1                             __________________________________________________________________________

The alkylation of the 6-alkyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitriles was carried out by methods analogous to that of 1(a).

1(b) By the phase-transfer catalyst method

1.0 mole of a dihalogenoalkane or alkyl halide or a dialkyl sulphate was added dropwise to a mixture of 1,000 ml of 50% strength sodium hydroxide solution, 1.0 mol of 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile and 10 g of a phase transfer catalyst (for example triethylbenzylammonium chloride) at 40°-50° C. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 90° C., cooled, poured into 1,500 ml of ice-water and extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride solution was washed until neutral and dried, the solvent was stripped off and the residue was distilled.

                  Table 2                                                          ______________________________________                                         Com-                      Yield   Boiling                                      pound                     (% of   point                                        No.   Alkylating agent    theory) ° C./mm Hg                            ______________________________________                                         35    Br--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --Br                                                                       19      130/3                                        36    Cl--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --Cl                                                 58      155/3                                        37    (C.sub.2 H.sub.5 O).sub.2 SO.sub.2                                                                 34      148/4                                        ______________________________________                                    

Halogenation of the 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-α-alkyl-acetonitriles

2(a) Chlorination with sulphuryl chloride

0.11 mole of sulphuryl chloride was added dropwise to 0.1 mole of a 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-α-alkylacetonitrile, dissolved in 100 ml of methylene chloride, at room temperature. The mixture was then stirred for 2 hours under reflux, cooled, washed with water, sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water until neutral and dried over calcium chloride. The solvent was stripped off and the residue was distilled or slightly distilled or recrystallized.

                  Table 3                                                          ______________________________________                                          ##STR16##                                                                                                        Boiling point                               Com-                         Yield ° C./mm Hg                           pound                        (% of melting point                               No.   R.sup.1  R.sup.2       theory)                                                                              ° C.                                 ______________________________________                                         38    H        CH.sub.3      61    152/4                                       39    H        C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                              91    158/4                                       40    H        n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                            74    165/4                                       41    H        iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                          81    163/4                                       42    CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3      83    162-165/4                                   43    CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2                                                               70      83                                            44    H        CH.sub.2 --C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                   87    84                                          45    CH.sub.3 C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                              72    150/4                                       ______________________________________                                    

(b) Bromination

A solution of 0.105 mole of bromine in 10 ml of glacial acetic acid was added dropwise to a solution of 0.1 mole of a 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-α-alkylacetonitrile in 150 ml of glacial acetic acid at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 4 hours at room temperature, poured into water and extracted with methylene chloride. The methylene chloride solution was washed with sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water until neutral and dried over calcium chloride. The solvent was stripped off and the solid residue was distilled or recrystallized.

                  Table 4                                                          ______________________________________                                          ##STR17##                                                                     Com-                        Yield                                                                               Boiling                                       pound                       (% of                                                                               point                                         No.    R.sup.1  R.sup.2     theory)                                                                             ° C./mm Hg                             ______________________________________                                         46     H        CH.sub.3    55   158/4                                         47     H        C.sub.2 H.sub.5                                                                            54   158-160/3                                     48     H        n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                          45   160-164/4                                     49     H        iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                        71   160/4                                         50     CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3    58   156/4                                         ______________________________________                                    

(3) Nitration

A mixture of 12 ml of concentrated sulphuric acid and 10 ml of nitric acid was added dropwise to 0.1 mole of a 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-α-alkyl-acetonitrile in 100 ml of glacial acetic acid at 20°-30° C., while cooling slightly, and the mixture was stirred for 3 hours at room temperature and poured into ice-water. The working-up could be carried out by (a) filtering off the precipitate which had separated out, washing it until neutral and drying it, or (b) taking it up in methylene chloride, washing the methylene chloride solution with sodium bicarbonate solution and then with water until neutral and drying it, then stripping off the solvent and slightly distilling the remaining oil or triturating it with petroleum ether and filtering off and drying the solid yellow precipitate.

    ______________________________________                                          ##STR18##                                                                                                  Physical                                                                       data                                                                           melting                                                                        point °C.;                                                              refractive                                                                     index;                                            Com-                         boiling   Yield                                   pound                        point     (% of                                   No.   R.sup.1                                                                               R.sup.2         °C./mm Hg                                                                         theory)                                 ______________________________________                                         51    H      CH.sub.3        n .sub.D.sup.20 :1.5890                                                                 68                                       52    H      H               114      85                                       53    H      C.sub.2 H.sub.5 n .sub.D.sup.20 1.5757                                                                  60                                       54    H      n-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                              196/4    81                                       55    H      iso-C.sub.3 H.sub.7                                                                            72       77                                       56    CH.sub.3                                                                              CH.sub.3        126      74                                       57    CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2                                                                  81         96                                         58    H                                                                                      ##STR19##      161      87                                       59    H      CH.sub.2CHCH.sub.2                                                                             104      54                                       ______________________________________                                    

The examples which follow show the synergistic properties of the benzodioxole derivatives which can be used according to the invention, in connection with the following known active compounds: ##STR20##

For comparative purposes, the known piperonyl-butoxide, also employed as a synergistic agent, was additionally used ##STR21##

In the tables of the examples which follow, the known active compounds and the known synergistic agent have been characterized by the capital letters given above, while each synergistic agent of the formula (I) is identified by the number from the preparative example hereinabove.

EXAMPLE 2

LT₁₀₀ test

Test insects: Female Musca domestica, Weymann's strain, which are resistant to phosphoric acid esters

Solvent: acetone

Solutions of the active compounds, synergistic agents and mixtures of active compounds and synergistic agents were prepared and 2.5 ml thereof were pipetted onto filterpaper discs of 9.5 cm diameter in Petri dishes. The filterpaper absorbed the solutions. The Petri dishes were left standing open until the solvent had completely evaporated. 25 test insects were then placed in each Petri dish, and the dishes were covered with a glass lid.

The condition of the test insects was checked continuously for up to 6 hours. The time required for a 100% knock-down action was determined. If the LT₁₀₀ was not reached after 6 hours, the % of test insects which had been knocked down was ascertained.

The concentrations of the active compounds, synergistic agents and mixtures, and their actions, can be seen from the table which follows:

                  Table 6                                                          ______________________________________                                         LT.sub.100 test with female Musca domestica                                    (Weymanns strain) which are resistant                                          to phosphoric acid esters                                                      Active compounds/                                                                             Concentrations                                                                              LT.sub.100 in                                      synergistic agents                                                                            in %         minutes                                            ______________________________________                                         A              1.0          360 = 0%                                           B              1.0          360 = 0%                                           C              1.0          360 = 0%                                           D              1.0          360 = 20%                                          E              1.0          360 = 10%                                          F              1.0          360 = 30%                                          G              1.0          360 = 20%                                          H              0.04         260 = 95%                                          J              0.04         360 = 90%                                          K              0.04         120'                                               L              1.0          360 = 0%                                           1              0.2          210'                                               2              1.0          360 = 95%                                          3              1.0          360 = 80%                                          4              1.0          360 = 90%                                          35             0.2          360                                                37             1.0          360                                                38             1.0          360 = 80%                                          39             1.0          360 = 0%                                           40             1.0          360 = 0%                                           45             1.0          360 = 25%                                          46             1.0          360 = 20%                                          A + L          0.3 + 0.2    360 = 85%                                          A + 4          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                A + 40         0.04 + 0.04  240                                                A + 2          0.04 +  0.04 150                                                A + 3          0.04 + 0.04  150                                                A + 38         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360 = 90%                                          A + 1          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               240                                                A + 45         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                B + L          1.0 + 1.0    360 = 90%                                          B + 4          0.04 + 0.04  360 = 90%                                          B + 2          0.2 + 0.2    240                                                B + 3          0.2 + 0.2    360                                                B + 38         0.04 + 0.04  360 = 85%                                          B + 1          0.2 + 0.2    240                                                B + 37         0.04 + 0.04  360                                                B + 39         0.04 + 0.04  360 = 90%                                          B + 46         0.2 + 0.2    240                                                B + 45         0.04 + 0.04  360                                                C + L          1.0 + 1.0    360 = 40%                                          C + 38         0.2 + 0.2    360 = 90%                                          C + 1          0.2 + 0.2    180                                                C + 46         1.0 + 1.0    360                                                C + 45         0.2 + 0.2    360 = 95%                                          D +  L         0.2 + 0.2    360 = 75%                                          D + 4          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                D + 2          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               240                                                D + 35         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               180                                                D + 3          0.04 + 0.04  180                                                D + 38         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               240                                                D + 1          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               150                                                D + 37         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               210                                                D + 39         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               240                                                D + 46         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                D + 45         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               210                                                E + L          0.2 + 0.2    360                                                E + 4          0.2 + 0.2    240                                                E + 2          0.2 + 0.2    360                                                E + 35         0.04 + 0.04  360                                                E + 3          0.2 + 0.2    210                                                E + 38         0.04 + 0.04  360 = 95%                                          E + 1          0.2 + 0.2    150                                                E + 37         0.04 + 0.04  360 = 90%                                          E + 46         0.2 + 0.2    240                                                F + L          0.2 + 0.2    360 = 70%                                          F +  4         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                F + 2          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                F + 35         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               210                                                F + 3          0.04 + 0.04  180                                                F + 38         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               180                                                F + 1          0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                F + 37         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               180                                                F + 46         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               360                                                F + 45         0.008 + 0.008                                                                               240                                                G + L          1.0 + 1.0    360 = 70%                                          G + 4          0.04 + 0.04  360 = 85%                                          G + 2          0.04 + 0.04  360                                                G + 35         0.04 + 0.04  360 = 95%                                          G + 3          0.2 + 0.2    360                                                G + 38         0.2 + 0.2    360 = 90%                                          G + 1          0.04 + 0.04  360                                                G + 46         0.2 + 0.2    360                                                G + 45         0.04 + 0.04  360                                                H + 4          0.04 + 0.04  90                                                 H + 35         0.04 + 0.04  105                                                H + 38         0.04 + 0.04  105                                                H + 37         0.04 + 0.04  180                                                H + 39         0.04 + 0.04  150                                                J + 4          0.04 + 0.04  105                                                J + 35         0.04 + 0.04  180                                                J + 38         0.04 + 0.04  240                                                J + 39         0.04 + 0.04  150                                                J + 37         0.04 + 0.04  180                                                K + L          0.04 + 0.04  90                                                 K + 4          0.04 + 0.04  45                                                 K + 38         0.04 + 0.04  60                                                 K + 37         0.04 + 0.04  60                                                 K + 39         0.04 + 0.04  60                                                 ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 3

LT₁₀₀ test

Test insects:

Blattella germanica female (normally sensitive)

Blattella germanica female (resistant)

Tribolium confusum

Dermestes peruvianus

Attagenus piceus larvae

Ornithodoros moubata larvae

Solvent: Acetone

Solutions of the active compounds, synergistic agents and mixtures of active compounds and synergistic agents were prepared and 2.5 ml thereof were pipetted onto filterpaper of 9.5 cm diameter in Petri dishes. The filterpaper absorbed the solution. The Petri dishes were left standing open until the solvent had completely evaporated. 25 test insects were then placed in each Petri dish, and the dishes were covered with a glass lid.

The condition of the insects was checked continuously for up to 6 hours and thereafter also checked after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The time required for a 100% knock-down action was determined. If the LT₁₀₀ was not reached after 72 hours, the % of test insects which had been knocked down was ascertained.

The concentrations of the active compounds, synergistic agents and mixtures, and their actions, can be seen from the table which follows:

                                      Table 7                                      __________________________________________________________________________     LT.sub.100 Test with various pests                                                                            Concentrations in %                                                                           LT.sub.100 in                    Active  Synergistic            Active  Synergistic                                                                           minutes (') or                   compound                                                                               agent  Pest            compound                                                                               agent  hours (hrs)                      __________________________________________________________________________     A              Blattella germ. female                                                                         0.008          24 hrs                                                                              = 80%                                      (normally sensitive)                                            A              Blattella germ. female                                                                         0.008          24 hrs                                                                              = 60%                                      (resistant)                                                             4      Blattella germ. female  1.0    24 hrs                                                                              = 0%                                       (normally sensitive)                                            A     + 4      Blattella germ. female                                                                         0.008 + 0.008  60'                                             (normally sensitive)                                            A     + 4      Blattella germ. female                                                                         0.008 + 0.04   6 hrs                                           (resistant)                                                     A              Tribolium conf. 0.2            72 hrs                                                                              = 50%                               4      Tribolium conf.         0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A       4      Tribolium conf. 0.04  + 0.04   72 hrs                                                                              = 90%                       A              Dermestes peruvian.                                                                            0.04           72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                                4      Dermestes peruvian.     0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                                L      Dermestes peruvian.     0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + L      Dermestes peruvian.                                                                            0.04  + 0.04   72 hrs                                                                              = 20%                       A     + 4      Dermestes peruvian.                                                                            0.04  + 0.04   24 hrs                           A              Attagenus piceus larvae                                                                        0.2            72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                                4      Attagenus piceus larvae 0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                                L      Attagenus piceus larvae 0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + L      Attagenus piceus larvae                                                                        0.2   + 0.2    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + 4      Attagenus piceus larvae                                                                        0.2   + 0.2    24 hrs                           A              Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008          72 hrs                                                                              = 80%                               L      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + L      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  72 hrs                                   2      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + 2      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  24 hrs                                   3      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 80%                       A     + 3      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  24 hrs                                   38     Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + 38     Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  120'                                     1      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + 1      Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  150                                      45     Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                            1.0    72 hrs                                                                              = 0%                        A     + 45     Ornithodoros moubata larvae                                                                    0.008 + 0.008  105'                             __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 4

Aerosol Test

Test insects: Male and female Musca domestica, Weymann's strain, which are resistant to phosphoric acid esters

Solvent: Acetone

To produce a suitable preparation of active compound, the active compounds were dissolved in the solvent.

A wire cage containing about 25 test insects was suspended in the middle of a gas-tight glass chamber of size 1 m³. When the chamber had again been closed, 2 ml of the active compound preparation were atomised therein. The condition of the test insects was constantly checked from outside, through the glass walls, and the time required for a 100% knowk-down action on the insects was determined. After 60 minutes, the test insects were taken from the test chambers, transferred to an atmosphere free from the active compound, and again checked after 24 hours.

The active compounds, amounts of active compounds and times at which a 100% knock-down action was achieved, and the percentage of the insects which were dead after 24 hours, can be seen from the table which follows:

                                      Table 8                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Aerosol test with female Musca Domestica (Weymann's strain) which              are resistant to phosphoric acid esters                                                     Concentration in mg/m.sup.3 of air                                Active                                                                               Synergistic                                                                           Active    Synergistic                                                                            LT.sub.100                                                                           % of dead insects                         compound                                                                             agent  compound                                                                               agent                                                                            in minutes                                                                             after 24 hours                                  __________________________________________________________________________     I            5                 60 = 32%                                                                             40                                        K            5                 42'13"                                                                               95                                              L                10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               37               10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                         I     L      5         5       60 = 0%                                                                              5                                         I     37     5         5       60 = 68%                                                                             90                                        K     37     5         5       33'10"                                                                               100                                       A            10                60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               L                10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               4                10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               3                10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               1                10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                               37               10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                         A     L      10      + 10      60 = 0%                                                                              0                                         A     3      10      + 10      60 = 33%                                                                             90                                        A     1      5       + 5       60 = 93%                                                                             70                                        A     1      10      + 2.5     45'23"                                                                               100                                       A     37     10      + 10      60 = 70%                                                                             100                                       A     37     10      + 2.5     60 = 63%                                                                             90                                        A     4      10      + 10      60 = 73%                                                                             10                                        __________________________________________________________________________

It will be appreciated that the instant specification and examples are set forth by way of illustration and not limitation, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An arthropodicidal composition containing as active compounds (i) a benzodioxole of the formula ##STR22## in which R is hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl with up to 6 carbon atoms, halogen or nitro,R¹ is alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms or hydrogen, and R² is aryl-C₁₋₃ -alkyl, alkyl or alkenyl with up to 6 carbon atoms, or cycloalkyl with 3 to 8 carbon atoms, or may represent hydrogen provided that R represents alkyl, alkenyl or nitro, or R¹ and R² together are an alkylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms,and (ii) at least one arthropodicidal carbamate, the weight ratio of component (i) to component (ii) ranging from about 0.1:10 to 10:0.1.
 2. A composition according to claim 1, in whichR is hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, nitro, alkyl or alkenyl with up to 6 carbon atoms, R¹ is hydrogen or alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R² is alkyl or alkenyl with up to 6 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl with 3 to 8 carbon atoms or benzyl or may represent hydrogen provided that R represents nitro, alkyl or alkenyl, or R¹ and R² together are an alkylene radical with 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
 3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the carbamate is of the formula ##STR23## in which R³ is aryl, a heterocyclic radical or an oxime radical,R⁴ is hydrogen or alkyl with 1-4 C atoms, R⁵ is alkyl or alkylcarbonyl with 1 to 6 C atoms in the alkyl radical and optionally substituted by hydroxyl, methylthio, or --S--Y, Y is an aliphatic or haloaliphatic radical with 1-4 C atoms, an aryl radical, an aryl radical substituted by CN, halogen, methyl, trihalogenomethyl, trifluoromethylmercapto, NO₂, methoxycarbonyl or ##STR24## W is alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkylamino, dialkylamino, an aryl radical or an aryl radical substituted by halogen, trihalogenomethyl, CN, methyl or nitro.
 4. A composition according to claim 3, wherein R³ is phenyl; naphthyl; phenyl or naphthyl substituted by alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy or alkylmercapto each with up to 5 C atoms, dialkylamino or dialkenylamino with up to 3 C atoms per hydrocarbyl moiety, halogen, dioxolanyl or the radical --N═CH--N(C₁₋₄ -alkyl)₂ ; 2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl; benzodioxole; benzothienyl; pyrimidinyl or pyrazolyl each optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ -alkyl or C₁₋₄ -dialkylamino; or an oxime radical of the formula ##STR25## in which R⁶ and R⁷ each independently is alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylmercapto, alkoxycarbonyl, carbonylamide or alkylmercaptoalkyl with up to 5 C atoms in each hydrocarbyl moiety, CN, aryl, an optionally substituted heterocyclic radical or alkyl which is substituted by a heterocyclic radical, orR⁶ and R⁷ together form a dioxolanyl or dithiolanyl radical which is optionally substituted by C₁₋₄ alkyl.
 5. A composition according to claim 3, in whichR³ is an aryl or a heterocyclic radical, R⁴ is C₁₋₄ -alkyl, and R⁵ is acetyl, --SCCl₃ or --SCF₃.
 6. A composition according to claim 1, in which the weight ratio of component (i) to component (ii) is from about 0.5:1 to 3:1.
 7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein R² is aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl.
 8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein R is alkyl, alkenyl or nitro, and R² is aralkyl, alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or hydrogen.
 9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 10. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-isopropyl-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 11. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-methyl-6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 12. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-ethyl-6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 13. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α,α-dimethyl-6-chloro-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 14. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-methyl-6-bromo-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 15. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is α-ethyl-6-bromo-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetonitrile.
 16. A composition according to claim 1, wherein component (i) is: ##STR26## and component (ii) is: ##STR27##
 17. A method of combating arthropods which comprises applying to the arthropods, or to a habitat thereof, an arthropodicidally effective amount of a composition according to claim
 1. 